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China trains African officials.中国培训非洲官员

Author: Time:2018-01-23 13:50 Source:未知
In this paper:中国在非洲开展意识形态方面的工作向来是观察人士感兴趣的一个话题。随着中国近年来在国际舞台上变得令人瞩目,大家看到的是以威权主义为特点的所谓中国模式。中国正通过政党...

China's ideological work in Africa has always been a topic of interest to observers. As China has become more visible on the international stage in recent years, what you see is the so-called "China model" characterized by authoritarianism. China is by party training plan, and actively advocated in Africa China's model of this new political and economic development, political party training plan will be an important component of China's foreign policy in Africa.
 
The goal of this training program is to teach Chinese to Africa's party experience in economic development and political management, basically include three aspects: the content of the class of education or training institutions in China; Visit local governments to gain first-hand experience and talk with local officials, farmers and entrepreneurs; Familiarize participants with the cultural training program of traditional Chinese culture.
 
Not all training is conducted in Beijing. In fact, only the highest level of training is in Beijing, and the more common training for lower-level officials in Africa is usually carried out in local Chinese cities.
 
The training programs of African political parties in China are less focused on authoritarian management and more on the party's own capabilities and development. Over the past five years, the training program has included the Sudanese national congress party, the Sudan people's liberation movement in south Sudan, the southwest African people's organization in namibia and the South African communist party. The African people's congress of South Africa (anc) and the Chinese communist party signed a memorandum of understanding in 2008 on China's efforts to train the anc. Since then, South Africa has regularly sent the anc high-level training delegation to China. ,
 
Because of the democratization and multi-party system in African countries, China's party training program is aimed at not only the ruling party, but also the opposition party. For example, as mentioned above, China has provided training to both the communist party of South Africa and the anc. Interestingly, China seems to be taking action to balance the training of the ruling party and the opposition. In December 2015, the ministry of foreign affairs of the CPC central committee invited a non-state training delegation led by the anc to visit China. Six months later, the South African communist party took part in a 10-day similar training program.
 
China has also expanded its training to include Africa's future political leaders. The young elite received special attention and received training funds from the Chinese government. From 2011 to 2015, China trained more than 200 young African party leaders through the African political party leadership program, which was opened by the central African youth leader BBS. Just last year, China announced a major plan to invite 1,000 such young leaders to China by March 2018.
 
China says such party training programs are a complete exchange of views, rather than imposing a Chinese model on African countries. China invited African party cadres, in other words, they are interested in learning Chinese in China management way, but they will eventually go China's roads are totally depends on their own judgment. This is certainly an ability to cultivate, but it may be less bullying than the west's ability to train, because China does not regard its experience as the "ultimate truth".
 
China has vigorously promoted African political parties to experience China's economic success and systematically train them on the subject of China's success. The intention to seek this demonstration effect and to try to help African political parties understand, assimilate and copy China's experience is indeed a strong impetus for another type of ideology. This approach is broad and systemic, and has profound psychological and political implications for the choices and preferences of African political parties.

中国在非洲开展意识形态方面的工作向来是观察人士感兴趣的一个话题。随着中国近年来在国际舞台上变得令人瞩目,大家看到的是以威权主义为特点的所谓“中国模式”。中国正通过政党培训计划,积极地在非洲倡导中国的这一新的政治和经济发展模式,政党培训计划也会成为中国对非洲外交政策的重要组成部分。
这种培训计划的目标是向非洲的政党传授中国在经济发展和政治管理方面的经验,基本上都包含三方面的内容:在中国的教育或培训机构上课;前往地方政府实地考察以获得第一手经验,与地方官员、农民和企业家座谈;让参与者熟悉中国传统文化的文化培训计划。
并非所有的培训都在北京进行。事实上,只有最高级别的培训是在北京,而针对非洲中低层官员的较为普通的培训通常是在中国地方城市开展的。
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非洲政党在中国参加的培训计划对威权主义管理的关注较少,更多的是关注政党自身的能力和发展。在过去五年里,参加这种培训计划的包括苏丹全国大会党、南苏丹的苏丹人民解放运动、纳米比亚的西南非洲人民组织以及南非共产党。南非的非洲人民大会(非国大)和中国共产党在2008年就中国加大力度培训非国大成员一事签署谅解备忘录。此后南非定期向中国派出非国大高级别培训代表团。、
因为了解非洲国家的民主化和多党制,中国政党培训计划针对的不只是执政党,还有反对党。比如,就像上面所提到的,中国对南非共产党和非国大都提供了培训。有意思的是,中国似乎特意采取行动来平衡对执政党和反对党的培训。2015年12月,中共中央对外联络部邀请由非国大总司库率领的非国大培训代表团访华。六个月后,南非共产党也参加了一个为期10天的类似培训计划。
中国还扩大培训范围,把非洲未来政治领导人纳入其中。青年精英受到特别的关注,获得了中国政府提供的培训经费。从2011年到2015年,通过中非青年领导人论坛开设的非洲政党领导人研修班项目,中国培训了200多名年轻的非洲政党领袖。就在去年,中国宣布了一项重大的计划,要在2018年3月之前邀请1000名这样的年轻领导人来中国接受培训。
中国表示,这类政党培训计划完全是交流观点,而不是将中国模式强加给非洲国家。换句话说,中国邀请非洲政党干部来华学习他们感兴趣的中国管理方式,不过他们最终是否会走中国的道路则完全取决于他们自己的判断。这种做法的确是一种能力培养,但与西方的能力培养计划比起来,它或许不那么霸道,因为中国并不认为自己的经验代表“终极真理”。
中国大力推动非洲政党成员亲身体会中国在经济上取得的成功,并就中国成功之路的课题对他们进行系统培训。有意寻求这种示范效果并努力帮助非洲政党理解、吸收和复制中国的经验,这的确是另一种类型的意识形态的大力推动。这种方法覆盖面广,系统性强,而且会对非洲政党的抉择与偏好产生深远的心理与政治影响。


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